Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 62
Filter
1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 24(5): 434-451, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1142552

ABSTRACT

Abstract Chronic hepatitis B is an important health problem that can progress to cirrhosis and complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma. There is approximately 290 million of people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide, however only 10% of patients are currently identified.Most part of Brazil is considered of low prevalence of HBV infection but there are some regions with higher frequency of carriers. Unfortunately, many infected patients are not yet identified nor evaluated for treatment.The Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI) and the Brazilian Society of Hepatology worked together to elaborate a guideline for diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B. The document includes information regarding the population to be tested, diagnostic tools, indications of treatment, therapeutic schemes and also how to handle HBV infection in specific situations (pregnancy, children, immunosuppression, etc).Delta infection is also part of the guideline, since it is an important infection in some parts of the country.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Gastroenterology , Hepatitis B , Liver Neoplasms , Brazil , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/drug therapy
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 42(2): 192-198, Mar.-Apr. 2009. ilus, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-512928

ABSTRACT

A histoplasmose é uma micose causada por fungo dimórfico, o Histoplasma capsulatum. É considerada classicamente uma micose endêmica, embora o fungo tenha um comportamento oportunístico em pacientes com depressão da imunidade celular. O homem adquire a infecção através da inalação de conídeos presentes na natureza (cavernas com morcegos, galinheiros, etc). O quadro clínico pode variar, desde infecções assintomáticas até quadros graves disseminados, que acometem pacientes com Aids, transplantados ou com neoplasias hematológicas. O diagnóstico baseia-se no encontro do fungo em fluidos orgânicos (escarro, sangue, líquor) ou tecidos (histopatologia), na cultura de materiais biológicos e na sorologia. O tratamento das formas agudas graves, respiratória crônica ou de formas localizadas pode ser feito com azólicos orais (itraconazol) e nas disseminadas, a Anfotericina B (preferencialmente as formulações lipídicas) constitui a droga da eleição para iniciar a terapia. A histoplasmose representa, hoje uma das micoses sistêmicas mais importantes nas Américas, com ampla distribuição em todas as regiões do Brasil.


Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It is classically considered an endemic mycosis, even though the fungus has an opportunistic behavior in immunocompromised patients. People acquired the infection through the inhalation of conidial forms present in the environmental, such as caves dwelling bats and soils inhabited by chickens. The clinical features may vary from asymptomatic infections to disseminated severe forms that affect patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or hematological malignancies and allograft recipients. The diagnosis is based on the detection of the fungus in organic fluids (sputum, blood, liquor) or tissues (histopathological assays), in the culture of biological samples and serological assays. The treatment of severe chronic respiratory acute or localized forms can be performed with oral azolic (itraconazol) and in the disseminated forms, the amphotericin B (preferentially the lipidic formulations) consists in the elected drug to initiate the therapy. Nowadays, histoplasmosis represents one of the most important systemic mycosis in the Americas, with broad distribution in all regions of Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Histoplasmosis , Acute Disease , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Chronic Disease , Histoplasma/pathogenicity , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Histoplasmosis/epidemiology , Histoplasmosis/etiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/drug therapy , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(3): 232-237, maio-jun. 2008. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489737

ABSTRACT

In March 2005, a resident of the municipality of Monte Alegre de Minas, State of Minas Gerais, without any history of traveling to endemic areas for malaria, was diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax infection and local mosquito-borne transmission was suspected. The epidemiological investigation identified another 10 cases with local transmission and all of them were related to the imported malaria case that was detected in this region. The potential exposure site was the banks of the river Tejuco, an area frequented by mineral prospectors. Some of these prospectors were known to have come from states with malaria transmission. In the autochthonous cases, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum were diagnosed. Entomological investigation identified Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) parvus. After the first outbreak, another three autochthonous cases were notified in municipality of Monte Alegre de Minas, in the same year. The occurrence of these outbreaks highlights the importance of surveillance systems in areas that are nonendemic for malaria.


Em março de 2005, um morador do município de Monte Alegre de Minas, Estado de Minas Gerais, sem histórico de viagem para área endêmica de malária foi diagnosticado com infecção por Plasmodium vivax e a transmissão vetorial no local foi suspeitada. A investigação epidemiológica identificou outros 10 casos com transmissão local e todos relacionados ao caso de malária importada detectado na região. A área de potencial exposição foi às margens do rio Tejuco, local freqüentado por garimpeiros, muitos sabidamente, oriundos de estados com transmissão de malária. Nos casos autóctones, Plasmodium vivax e Plasmodium falciparum foram diagnosticados. A investigação entomológica identificou Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus e Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) parvus. Após o primeiro surto, outros três casos autóctones foram notificados no município de Monte Alegre de Minas no mesmo ano. A ocorrência desses surtos alerta sobre a importância de sistemas de vigilância em áreas não endêmicas para a malária.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Disease Outbreaks , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology , Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification , Plasmodium vivax/isolation & purification , Anopheles/classification , Anopheles/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Insect Vectors/classification , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Malaria, Falciparum/transmission , Malaria, Vivax/transmission
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(2): 135-141, mar.-abr. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-484217

ABSTRACT

Total antigen from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and isolates from the Leishmania braziliensis complex, along with their respective antigenic fractions obtained by affinity chromatography on concanavalin-A-Sepharose and jacalin-agarose columns evaluated using immunoenzymatic ELISA assay. For this, serum samples from 229 patients were used, grouped as American tegmental leishmaniasis (nº=58), visceral leishmaniasis (nº=28), Chagas disease (nº=49), malaria (nº=32), tuberculosis (nº=13) and healthy volunteers (nº=49). Samples from American tegmentary leishmaniasis showed higher reactivity with antigens isolated from the Leishmania braziliensis complex than with antigens from Leishmania amazonensis (p<0.001). ELISA assays showed a sensitivity range from 60 percent to 95 percent with antigens isolated from the Leishmania braziliensis complex. There was marked nonspecific reactivity among serum samples with the use of antigenic fractions binding with concanavalin-A and jacalin from both Leishmania complexes, in comparison with other antigens (p<0.001). The results presented in this study suggest that the use of homologous antigens increases the efficiency of anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin detection, which may be very valuable for diagnostic purposes.


Antígeno total de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis e isolado do complexo Leishmania brazilienis, assim como suas respectivas frações antigênicas obtidas por cromatografia de afinidade em coluna de concanavalina-A ligada a sepharose e Jacalina ligada a agarose foram avaliadas por ensaio imunoenzimático ELISA. Para tanto, foram utilizadas amostras de soros de 229 pacientes agrupadas em leishmaniose tegumentar americana (nº=58), leishmaniose visceral (nº=28), doença de Chagas (nº=49), malaria (nº=32), tuberculose (nº=13) e voluntários saudáveis (nº=49). Houve maior reatividade das amostras de leishmaniose tegumentar americana com a utilização dos antígenos obtidos do isolado do complexo Leishmania braziliensis quando comparado com antígenos de Leishmania amazonensis (p<0,001). Observou-se ainda que a sensibilidade do teste ELISA variou de 60 a 95 por cento entre os antígenos obtidos do isolado do complexo Leishmania braziliensis. Houve acentuada reatividade inespecífica das amostras de soros com a utilização das frações antigênicas ligantes de Concanavalina-A e Jacalina de ambos os complexos Leishmania em comparação aos demais antígenos (p<0,001). Os resultados apresentados no presente trabalho sugerem que a utilização de antígenos homólogos aumentam a eficiência de detecção de imunoglobulina anti-Leishmania o que pode ser de grande valia para o propósito de diagnóstico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antigens, Helminth , Leishmania braziliensis/immunology , Leishmania mexicana/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification , Case-Control Studies , Chromatography, Affinity , Cross Reactions , Chagas Disease/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology , Malaria/immunology , Plant Lectins , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sepharose/analogs & derivatives , Sepharose , Tuberculosis/immunology
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(2): 169-172, mar.-abr. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-484222

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados 76 pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose, assistidos no Hospital Universitário de Brasília, entre 1984 e 2005. O gênero masculino representou 82,9 por cento e a média de idade foi 42 anos. Atividades agropecuárias caracterizaram 54,9 por cento dos pacientes. Entre pacientes com a forma crônica, 87 por cento eram tabagistas e 55,3 por cento etilistas. Em 71 pacientes sem co-infecção por HIV/aids: a) houve recidiva da paracoccidioidomicose em 21 (29,6 por cento); b) a forma crônica ou mista acometeu 77,5 por cento dos pacientes, com predominância de comprometimento orofaríngeo (70,9 por cento) e pulmonar (67,3 por cento), além de lesões linfonodais (29,8 por cento), laríngeas (27,3 por cento) e cutâneas (16,4 por cento); c) na forma aguda/subaguda, predominou o comprometimento linfonodal (81,3 por cento), seguido por lesões cutâneas (43,8 por cento), resultando doença grave em 62,5 por cento e moderada em 37,5 por cento. Cinco pacientes tinham co-infecção por HIV/aids, dos quais três tiveram a infecção fúngica disseminada associada a acentuada imunodepressão.


Seventy-six paracoccidioidomycosis patients attended at the university hospital of Brasília from 1984 to 2005 were studied. 82.9 percent were male and the mean age was 42 years. 54.9 percent of the patients were engaged in farming activities. Among the patients with the chronic form, 87 percent were smokers and 55.3 percent consumed alcohol. Among 71 patients without HIV/AIDS coinfection: a) paracoccidioidomycosis was recurrent in 21 (29.6 percent); b) the chronic or mixed form affected 77.5 percent of patients, predominantly in the oropharynx (70.9 percent) and lungs (67.3 percent), with lymph node lesions in 29.8 percent, laryngeal lesions in 27.3 percent and cutaneous lesions in 16.4 percent; c) in the acute/subacute form, lymph node lesions predominated (81.3 percent), followed by cutaneous lesions in 43.8 percent, which resulted in severe disease in 62.5 percent and moderate disease in 37.5 percent. Five patients had HIV/AIDS coinfection and three of them presented disseminated fungal infection together with marked immunosuppression.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Paracoccidioidomycosis/epidemiology , Acute Disease , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitals, University , Prevalence , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Paracoccidioidomycosis/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 102(6): 713-717, Sept. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-463477

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to test if serological distinction between patients with active and inactive neurocysticercosis (NCC), could be accomplished by the recognition of immunodominant peptides in total saline antigenic extract of Taenia solium metacestodes by IgG antibody in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum paired samples. CSF and serum samples of 10 each, active NCC patients, inactive NCC, and individuals with other neurological disorders, were used to recognize the antigenic peptides by western blot (WB). In the active NCC the 28-32 and 39-42 kDa peptides were more frequently detected in CSF than in sera (p < 0.05). The 47-52, 64-68, and 70 kDa antigens showed high frequencies in both samples from patients with active NCC. All the CSF samples of inactive NCC and other neurological disorder (control) patients tested negative, while serum samples from these last two groups recognized mainly the 80, 86, 95, and 98 kDa bands. This finding eliminates the use of the high molecular weigh bands (> 80 kDa) for diagnosis of NCC. The final conclusions were that the difference between active and inactive NCC may be done with the detection of peptides only in the CSF samples and that the 47-52, 64-68, and 70 kDa bands may be included as specific markers for active NCC when detected in CSF samples by WB using total saline extract of T. solium metacestode.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Peptides/immunology , Taenia solium/immunology , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antibodies, Helminth/cerebrospinal fluid , Blotting, Western , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid , Sensitivity and Specificity
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(4): 451-462, jul.-ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-460254

ABSTRACT

Nos últimos anos, houve um grande progresso no tratamento da hepatite B crônica. Cinco drogas são hoje aprovadas para tratamento dessa virose: intérferon alfa, lamivudina, adefovir, entecavir e telbivudina. Os intérferons (convencionais ou peguilados) foram as primeiras drogas utilizadas no tratamento dessas infecções podendo levar a resposta sustentada (perda do DNA-VHB e do AgHbe) em até um terço dos casos tratados. Um grande número de análogos de nucleosídeos/nucleotídeos estão no momento, disponíveis para tratar a hepatite B; a eficácia da lamivudina, o primeiro análogo de nucleosídeo utilizado, é limitada pela elevada incidência de resistência. O adefovir tem eficácia comparável à lamivudina porém baixa freqüência de resistência. Entecavir e tenofovir também se mostram muito ativos em controlar a replicação do vírus da hepatite B, e estão associados com mínimo desenvolvimento de resistência, mesmo em tratamento prolongados. Outras drogas, tais como telbivudina, emtricitabina e clevudine, se tornarão em futuro próximo, novas armas no controle dessa virose. Co-infectados HIV/VHB representam um grupo de doentes de difícil manuseio e que hoje se beneficiam com combinações de drogas no esquema anti-retroviral potente que devem atuar em ambas as viroses. O desenvolvimento de antivirais mais potentes e novas associações de medicamentos, conjuntamente com a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de resistência do vírus da hepatite B a terapia são importantes conquistas para melhorar a eficácia do tratamento e diminuir no futuro, a carga global de portadores do vírus da hepatite B.


Over the last years there has been considerable progress in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Five drugs are now approved for the treatment of this virosis: interferon alpha, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir and telbivudine. Interferons (conventional or PEG) were the first medicine used in the treatment of hepatitis being able to lead the persistent response (loss of DNA-HBV and of AgHbe) to up to one third of treated cases. A large number of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues are, at present, available to treat hepatitis B. The efficacy of lamivudine, the first nucleoside analogue used, is limited by the high rate of resistance. Adefovir has efficacy comparable to that of lamivudine, but with low resistance rate. Entecavir and tenofovir have also been particularly active in the control of hepatitis B virus replication and are associated with minimal resistance development, even during long treatment regimens. Other drugs, such as telbivudine, emtricitabine and clevudine, will become new treatment options in the near future. Individuals co-infected with HIV/HBV are particularly difficult to manage and are nowadays able to benefit from combinations of drugs of the HAART therapy, which should be effective towards both viruses. The development of more potent antiviral drugs as well as new drug combinations, together with a better understanding of hepatitis B virus resistance mechanisms are important milestones to improve treatment efficacy and to diminish, in the future, the global burden of hepatitis B virus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Design , Drug Resistance, Viral , HIV Infections
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(3): 295-299, maio-jun. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-456323

ABSTRACT

Foram analisados os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, laboratoriais e terapêuticos de 23 casos de síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavírus, identificados sorologicamente ou por imunohistoquímica em hospitais do município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Febre (100 por cento), dispnéia (100 por cento) e mialgias (78 por cento) foram os sintomas mais frequentemente observados nesta casuística. Os sinais físicos mais prevalentes foram hipotensão (65 por cento) e taquicardia (65 por cento). Achados laboratoriais mais comuns incluíram trombocitopenia (96 por cento), hemoconcentração (83 por cento) e leucocitose (74 por cento). Valores anormais de enzimas hepáticas foram encontrados em todos os pacientes testados e alterações em radiografias de tórax foram muito (95,6 por cento) freqüentes. Em 55,5 por cento dos pacientes, foi necessário intubação orotraqueal e suporte hemodinâmico. O presente estudo confirmou o padrão sazonal da síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavírus na região de Uberlândia e o envolvimento, no ciclo de transmissão da doença, de grupos profissionais considerados de baixo risco de infecção. A alta (39 por cento) taxa de letalidade e a gravidade da doença observadas neste estudo podem estar associadas ao atendimento tardio dos pacientes.


The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment findings from 23 cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome were analyzed. These cases were identified either serologically or immunohistochemically in hospitals in the municipality of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais. Fever (100 percent), dyspnea (100 percent) and myalgia (78 percent) were the symptoms most frequently observed in this sample. The most prevalent physical signs were hypotension (65 percent) and tachycardia (65 percent). The most common laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia (96 percent), hemoconcentration (83 percent) and leukocytosis (74 percent). Abnormal values for liver enzymes were found in all the patients tested and abnormalities in chest radiography were very frequent (95.6 percent). In 55.5 percent of the patients, orotracheal intubation and hemodynamic support were required. The present study confirmed the seasonal pattern of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Uberlândia region and the involvement of professional groups who are considered to be at low risk of infection, in the transmission cycle of the disease. The high lethality rate (39 percent) and the severity of the disease observed in this study may be related to attending to these patients at a late stage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/mortality , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/therapy , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Immunohistochemistry , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Rodentia , Seasons , Severity of Illness Index
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(2): 234-235, mar.-abr. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-452630

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with abdominal segmental paresis consequent to radiculopathy caused by zoster, which was confirmed by electroneuromyography. The paresis resolved completely within three months. Recognition of this complication caused by zoster, which is easily misdiagnosed as abdominal herniation, is important for diagnosing this self-limited condition and avoiding unnecessary procedures.


Apresenta-se caso de uma paciente de 62 anos com paresia abdominal segmentar, confirmada por eletroneuromiografia, conseqüente a uma radiculopatia devida a zoster. A paresia resolveu-se completamente em três meses. O reconhecimento desta complicação do zoster, passível de confusão com hérnia abdominal, é importante para o diagnóstico desta condição auto-limitada, sem a utilização de procedimentos desnecessários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Abdominal Wall , Herpes Zoster/complications , Paresis/etiology , Radiculopathy/virology , Electromyography , Remission, Spontaneous , Radiculopathy/complications
14.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 39(3): 255-258, maio-jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433389

ABSTRACT

Estudo prospectivo foi realizado no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, entre março de 1998 e novembro de 2003, em 96 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial de criptococose, sendo 81,3 por cento portadores de Aids. Cepas de Cryptococcus neoformans foram obtidas de diferentes amostras, sendo 77 por cento em líquido cefalorraquidiano. A var neoformans foi isolada em 89 casos e a var gattii em 7. A meningoencefalite criptocócica (56,3 por cento dos casos), foi a manifestação clínica mais descrita, seguida da fungemia (13,5 por cento). Entre os fatores de risco, a AIDS (81,3 por cento) foi o mais comumente associado à micose. A pesquisa direta do fungo realizada em 121 amostras demonstrou o microrganismo em 98,3 por cento, com cultura (+) em todas. Dos pacientes, 59,4 por cento foram tratados com anfotericina B ou derivados triazólicos, sendo que 72,9 por cento evoluíram para óbito, em particular os portadores de AIDS (62,5 por cento). Atualmente, a criptococose tem sido diagnosticada com muita freqüência em nosso meio e constitui uma das doenças oportunísticas de maior morbidade e mortalidade nos pacientes com AIDS.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Cryptococcosis/epidemiology , Cryptococcus neoformans/classification , Age Distribution , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cryptococcosis/drug therapy , Cryptococcosis/microbiology , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution
15.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 100(4): 427-429, July 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-405999

ABSTRACT

Paired samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 30 patients - 10 with active, 10 with inactive neurocysticercosis (NCC), and 10 control subjects - were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two Taenia crassiceps metacestode extracts as antigen in order to detect IgG antibodies. In active NCC, high levels of IgG were detected (p < 0.05). The CSF samples showed 80 percent (CI 72-88) of reactivity in the saline extract (S) and 90 percent (CI 84-95) in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the serum samples were reactive in 90 percent (CI 84-95) and 100 percent (CI 98-100) in the S and SDS antigenic extracts, respectively. The use of the paired samples of CSF and serum in active NCC showed equivalent results suggesting that the serum samples could be used as a screening in those patients whose CSF puncture is counter-indicated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antibodies, Helminth/cerebrospinal fluid , Antigens, Helminth , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Cross Reactions , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Taenia solium/immunology
16.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(2): 137-141, mar.-abr. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-396328

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho avaliou o perfil de anticorpos em amostras de soro de 37 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico confirmado ou compatível com leishmaniose tegumentar americana atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG. Os perfis das classes de imunoglobulinas e subclasses de IgG foram analisados pelo teste ELISA indireto, utilizando-se antígeno solúvel de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. A avidez dos anticorpos foi determinada pelo tratamento com uréia a 6 M, após incubação dos soros com o antígeno. Observou-se que 97 por cento, 94,6 por cento, 57,5 e 21,5 por cento das amostras testadas apresentaram anticorpos anti-Leishmania das classes IgE, IgG, IgA e IgM, respectivamente e, os perfis das subclasses de IgG demonstraram, IgG1>IgG3>IgG2>IgG4. Os anticorpos IgE anti-Leishmania de alta avidez corresponderam a 44,4 por cento. Por outro lado, IgG e IgA anti-Leishmania foram em sua maioria (62,8 e 47,8 por cento, respectivamente), de média avidez. A variação do perfil de isotipos, bem como a avidez das imunoglobulinas refletiu a complexidade da resposta imune humoral contra a leishmaniose tegumentar americana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood , Immunoglobulins/blood , Leishmania braziliensis/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/blood , Antibody Affinity , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/classification , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Immunoglobulin Isotypes/immunology , Immunoglobulins/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology
17.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(1): 13-17, Feb. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-356436

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the present study was to examine if there is difference in terms of incidence rates of congenital toxoplasmosis among populations assisted in public and private hospitals from Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 805 serum samples from cord blood were collected, being 500 from public hospital and 305 from private hospital, and all patients answered a questionnaire about pregnancy and newborns. An indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and the positive samples were retested to verify the presence of specific IgM and IgA antibodies in a capture ELISA. We found significant differences among data from both hospitals with respect to maternal age, origin city, gestational age, number of visits to physicians during pregnancy, type of delivery, and birth weight. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against T. gondii for patients from public and private hospitals was 57.6 percent and 41.9 percent respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). In addition, the frequency of congenital toxoplasmosis measured by the presence of IgM and/or IgA antibodies toward T. gondii was exclusively located in samples from public hospital (0.8 percent), and no positive sample was seen in private hospital (0 percent). Considering that almost all babies suffering from congenital toxoplasmosis, if undiagnosed and untreated, will develop visual or neurological impairments by adulthood, the results presented herein emphasized the importance to accomplish screening programs for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, particularly in the public hospitals, due to the expressive rate of congenital disease showed in the patients attended at these centers.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Hospitals, Private , Hospitals, Public , Immunoglobulins , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital , Brazil , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Incidence , Neonatal Screening
18.
In. Cimerman, Sérgio; Cimerman, Benjamim. Condutas em infectologia. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2004. p.95-112, tab, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-407401
19.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 98(8): 1097-1099, Dec. 2003. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-355742

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in 52 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients (group 1) and 38 clinically healthy individuals (group 2) by using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). All fecal samples collected were submitted to the Baermann, Lutz, and Ritchie methods, the Safranin/Methylene Blue, and Weber's chromotrope modified Trichrome staining techniques, and EIA. In group 1, parasitological staining techniques and EIA were both positive for Cryptosporidium sp. infection in 3/52 (5.8 percent) samples and both negative in 45/52 (86.5 percent) samples, while 4/52 (7.7 percent) samples were positive in EIA and negative in parasitological staining techniques. Concerning group 2, all samples were negative by EIA and microscopy for Cryptosporidium infection. In conclusion, EIA may be an alternative method for detecting Cryptosporidium-specific coproantigen in HIV/AIDS patients.


Subject(s)
Animals , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Cryptosporidiosis , Cryptosporidium , Diarrhea , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Case-Control Studies , Feces , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Sensitivity and Specificity
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 36(1): 81-96, jan.-fev. 2003. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-332897

ABSTRACT

As hantaviroses constituem infecções zoonóticas amplamente distribuídas em todo o mundo. A febre hemorrágica com síndrome renal mostra-se endêmica na Asia e Europa, acometendo milharea de pessoas anualmente. A síndrome cardiopulmonar pelo hantavírus, reconhecida como entidade clínica desde 1993, representa o protótipo das doenças emergentes e encontra-se distribuída em diversos países do continente americano, inclusive o Brasil. Ambas säo transmitidas ao homem através da inalaçäo de partículas virais eliminadas nas fezes e urina de roedores domésticos e silvestres. Trata-se de doenças sistêmicas febris que podem acometer vários órgäos, destacando-se o rim na febre hemorrágica com síndrome renal e os pulmöes e o coraçäo na síndrome cardiopulmonar. A taxa de letalidade da hantavirose americana alcança 50 por cento. Diagnostica-se as hantaviroses através de provas sorológicas imunoenzimáticas ao identificar-se anticorpos específicos das classes IgM e IgG. Näo há tratamento específico. Recomenda-se hidrataçäo cuidadosa, indicaçäo precoce de diálise nas formas renais e administraçäo de drogas vasoativas nos períodos de hipotensäo e choque. A administraçäo de corticoesteróides e da ribavirina está sendo avaliada em estudos controlados. O número de casos dessas viroses tem crescido no Brasil ano a ano, e cumpre alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a ocorrência dessas entidades nos vários estados do país, possibilitando diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado nos casos suspeitos da doença


Subject(s)
Humans , Endemic Diseases , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/virology , Orthohantavirus , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/drug therapy , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/diagnosis , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/drug therapy , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/epidemiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL